---Alba (Gaelic Scots)---


#LEADER LIST (Calgacus)

Fearghus Mor
Oengus
Aed
Cinaed mac Alpin
Mael-Coluim
Dubh
Macbethad
Donnchad
Domnall Bane
Daud
Cunstantin

#CITY LIST (Calgacus)

Duinatt
Duincaillen
Chilrimunt
Dunfermelyn
Strivlin
Sgoinde
Dineiddyn
Inverlet
Dunbretane
Egglesbreth
Benchorin
Passeleth
Glasgu
Inuernis
Aberdon
Fothuir-tabaicht
Guven
Duin Duirn
Pert
Kylpatrick
Donde
Aberbrudoc
Linlitcu
Dunnichen
Renifry
Brychan
Lannarc
Dynbaer
Inniscolum
Duinfoither
Dunfres
Duns
Mailros
Duns
Gedwearde
Cambuschynoch
Innistuathal
Apurnethige
Ardach
Kynloss
Liosmor
Dundrennan
Selechirche
Murthilloch
Deer
Fores
Douern
Ar
Uilla Leuing
Dunbegane
Meddfaen
Petnaweem
Dail
Droman
Forfare
Ruthirglen
Dolair
Kilkerran
Cupre
Larghes


#CIVILOPEDIA ENTRY



#RACE_Celts
^The Scots are $LINK<militaristic and religious=GCON_Strengths>. They start the game with
$LINK<Warrior Code=TECH_Warrior_Code> and $LINK<Masonry=TECH_Masonry> and build
$LINK<Highlander=PRTO_Gallic_Swordsman> instead of $LINK<Medieval Infantry=PRTO_Medieval_Infantry>. 
^   Dalriada or Dl Riata (as it was called in Ireland) was the kingdom of the Scots, established by Fearghus Mor (Fergus the Great). These Scots (Gaels) migrated from County Antrim in Ulster to Argyll and eventually gave their name to Scotland. Dalriada eventually overwhelmed the neighbouring Pictish "kingdom", the oldest continuous political structure in mainland Britain. Cinaed (Kenneth) mac Alpin, a Dalriadan, was the first King of the united Picts and Scots - reigning from 840 to 857, as the king of Alba, which at that time meant "Britain" but came to mean "Scotland".
The Viking raids of the 10th century broke the sea communication between Ireland and Scotland and contact with the western lands of Dl Riata became difficult. These years of Viking invasions brought the happy years of Gaelic dominion over the whole of the western British Isles to an end, and the "Gaelic Empire" quickly fragmented. From now on the Kingdom of Alba was on its own.
^
Nevertheless, the kingdom created by great Gaels like Fearghus and Cinaed survived and, even although it lost territory in the north and west to Viking adventurers and breakaway Mormaers, it was able to expand at the expense of the comparatively weak Welsh and Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to the south. This two way process forced the center of the kingdom east, away from Dunadd to central places like Dunkeld, Scone and Dunfermline. By the time of the death of Sigurd the Stout in 1014, the Jarldom of Orkney's power extended south of Caithness to the Moray Firth. In the south there was a period of piecemeal advancement, marked by raids, slave-raids and temporary annexations to Alba. However, during the reign of Mael-Coluim II (1005 - 34) [Malcolm II] the Gaelic Kingdom began to expand in a definitive manner. Mael-Coluim II was a great king, hailed by Irish annals as "King of Alba, the honour of western Europe". He conquered the Kingdom of Strathclyde-Cumbria and pursued his claims on Lothian and Bernicia (northern Northumbria), while recovering ground in the north and west. At the Battle of Mortlach in 1014, he defeated the Vikings. In 1018, at the Battle of Carham on the Tweed, an English army was annihilated by him in alliance with the Brittons. When the leader of the latter, King "Owen the Bald" died, Mael-Coluim took over his kingdom. The result was a kingdom with frontiers down to Penrith and (just north of) Durham, in the west and east of northern England.
#DESC_RACE_Celts
^
However, after Mael-Coluim's death, a disputed succession brought chaos to the kingdom as his successor, Donnchad I (Duncan I), did not gain wide acceptance. Donnchad continued his predecessor's expansionist policies, with aims against Orkney and northern England. In 1039, he failed in an attack on Durham. Afterwards, another claimant to the throne, Macbethad (the famous Macbeth), formed an alliance with Thorfinn, Jarl of Orkney, and deposed him in 1040. But this betrayal resulted in a weakened kingdom unable to maintain Mael-Coluim's policies. 
^
In 1066, the Normans took over England. Although Mael-Coluim Caenmor III, [Malcolm III Canmore, {Great Chief}], responded initially by attacking the new kingdom, a mixture of bribes and forces caused him to recognise the new regime. He also took an Anglo-Norman wife - St. Margaret - and by giving his children non-Celtic names, tried to broadcast his Frankisizing credentials. Mael-Coluim responded to the technological superiority of his new Norman neighbours by adopting Norman customs and inviting "Frankish" adventurers from France, England and Flanders to become his vassals in return for land. Although there was a reaction against it under Domnall Bane in the 1090s, over time this process of "Frankification" undermined the Gaelic aristocracy of the Kingdom. It did, however, bring Alba into the mainstream of European politics. The Kingdom also began to move its center to the mostly anglicised southeast of the kingdom and favor Germanic and French speaking immigrants. The last Celtic king of Alba, Alexander III, died in 1286. There followed decades of English interference and Scottish resistance. At the end of this period, a half Celtic, half Norman aristocrat called Robert de Brus took over the Kingdom, but this new regime was primarily of the "Frankish", Anglo-Norman kind, and the Gaels of Alba lost their position as the dominant people of Alba. 
The permanent achievement of this kingdom was to be the only internationally recognized Celtic Kingdom of the High and Late Middle Ages, to be the largest independent Celtic state of the time and to be last independent Celtic state in history. Scotland survived as an independent state until her formal annexation by England in 1707. Although the Gaels rebelled in 1715 and 1745, both revolts were crushed and followed by policies of cultural oppression and demographic annihilation. In 1900 there were more Gaels in Canada than Scotland.